ISO

 Photo taken at ISO 6400

Photo taken at ISO 200

1. The advantages of using a higher ISO during a sporting event is because you can freeze motion better and can get a good action shot. 

2. The author suggested lowing a lower ISO whenever you can because the photo won't have as much noise and the quality will turn out better.

3. The author suggested using a high ISO when there isn't enough light for the camera to quickly capture an image or when you are focusing more on freezing the action.

Aperture:

The highest aperture setting is 2.8 and the lowest is 22. 

Shutter Speed:

The fastest shutter speed is 1/4000 of a second and the slowest is 1 second. 

ISO:

The lowest ISO is 100 and the highest is 256000.